Solar

solar – solar panel

Synopsis
module generators; class solar { enumeration {SUPPLY_DRIVEN=5, CONSTANT_PF=4, CONSTANT_PQ=2, CONSTANT_V=1, UNKNOWN=0} generator_mode; enumeration {ONLINE=2, OFFLINE=1} generator_status; enumeration {CONCENTRATOR=5, THIN_FILM_GA_AS=4, AMORPHOUS_SILICON=3, MULTI_CRYSTAL_SILICON=2, SINGLE_CRYSTAL_SILICON=1} panel_type; enumeration {DC=1, AC=2} power_type; enumeration {GROUND_MOUNTED=2, ROOF_MOUNTED=1} INSTALLATION_TYPE; enumeration {DEFAULT=1, SOLPOS=2} SOLAR_TILT_MODEL; enumeration {DEFAULT=1, FLATPLATE=2} SOLAR_POWER_MODEL; double a_coeff; double b_coeff; double dT_coeff; double T_coeff [ %/degC ] ; double NOCT [ degF ] ; double Tmodule [ degF ] ; double Tambient [ degF ] ; double wind_speed [ mph ] ; double ambient_temeprature [ degF ] ; double Insolation [ W/sf ] ; double Rinternal [ Ohm ] ; double Rated_Insolation [ W/sf ] ; double Pmax_temp_coeff; double Voc_temp_coeff; complex V_Max [ V ] ; complex Voc_Max [ V ] ; complex Voc [ V ] ; double efficiency [ unit ] ; double area [ sf ] ; double soiling [ pu ] ; double derating [ pu ] ; double rated_power [ W ] ; complex P_Out [ kW ] ; complex V_Out [ V ] ; complex I_Out [ A ] ; complex VA_Out [ VA ] ; object weather; double shading_factor [ pu ] ; double tilt_angle [ deg ] ; double orientation_azimuth [ deg ] ; bool latitude_angle_fix; enumeration {DEFAULT=0,FIXED_AXIS=1,ONE_AXIS=2,TWO_AXIS=3,AZIMUTH_AXIS=4}orientation; set {S=5, N=4, C=3, B=2, A=1} phases; }

Remarks
A solar panel (also known as solar module or photovoltaic module/panel) is an assembly of solar cells. Solar panels must be connected via a parent inverter.

Example
A minimal model could be created via:

object solar { generator_mode SUPPLY_DRIVEN; generator_status ONLINE; panel_type SINGLE_CRYSTAL_SILICON; efficiency 0.2; parent inverter1; area 2500; }

Model with DC Bus Model
The solar panel, when properly interfaced with an inverter_dyn object in grid-forming mode, will provide DC bus changes and some minor transient detail. A behavioral model of PV cell is adopted here, the advantage of this model is that it only needs parameters of output characteristics of PV cell such as open-circuit voltage ($$U_{oc}$$), short-circuit current ($$I_{sc}$$), voltage and current at maximum power operating point ($$U_m$$ and $$I_m$$).

The formulas which describe the behavioral model are given as below:

Where $$S_{ref}$$ and $$t_{ref}$$ are light intensity and temperature in standard environment ($$S_{ref}=1000\frac{w}{m^2}$$, $$t_{ref}=25^{\circ}$$C), $$S$$ and $$t$$ are real light intensity and temperature, $$a_1$$ and $$b_1$$ are parameters that used to revise the output characteristics of PV panel in different environment. $$a_1$$ and $$b_1$$ are set zero in this instance.

A real PV panel has been modeled according to the formulas above, the output parameters of which are given in Table 1:

In GridLAB-D simulation, the PV panel is modeled as a controllable current source, with the light intensity ($$S$$), temperature ($$t$$) and voltage of PV panel as inputs. The output of the model is the current of PV panel.

The P-V curve of this PV panel is given in Figure 1, the maximum power is about 1400kW and the voltage at maximum power point is 850V. ($$t=25^{\circ}C, S=600\frac{w}{m^2}$$).