Reliability Module Guide

NOTE: All names, factors, equations, definitions, and applications discussed in this guide were taken from the IEEE Std 1366 2003 Edition.

= Introduction =

This documentation provides the definitions for the 12 indices used in the reliability analysis of a distribution system. This guide also identifies the factors that go into the calculations for each reliability index. It is important to note that these indices are used to analyze distribution systems only. Generation and transmission systems are not looked at in this type of study.

= Definitions =

This section provides definitions to assist the user in understanding the factors that affect index calculations.

1. Customer: A metered electrical service point for which an active bill account is established. Within GridLAB-D the customer list is generated by looking for all the meter and triplex_meter objects written in the .glm file.

2. Momentary Interruption: A single operation of an interrupting device that results in a voltage of zero at the node. Take one operation of a recloser for example. The single operation of a recloser opening then closing would be considered one momentary interruption if the operation resulted in interrupting one or more customers.

3. Momentary Interruption Event: An interruption lasting five minutes or less. For example, if a circuit breaker operates five times then holds within five minutes of the first operation, then those five momentary interruptions are considered one momentary interruption event.

4. Sustained Interruption: An interruption that last more than five minutes.

= Reliability Indices =

Index Factors
The factors listed below indicate the data needed to calculate the indices. All factors are collected over a single reporting period of one year.


 * $$r_i$$ = restoration time, in minutes, for interruption event $$i$$
 * $$N_i$$ = number of interrupted customers for each sustained interruption event
 * $$N_{mi}$$ = number of interrupted customers for each momentary interruption event
 * $$N_T$$ = number of customers for distribution area of interest
 * $$L_i$$ = the total connected kVA load interrupted for the each sustained interruption event
 * $$L_T$$ = the total connected kVA load served
 * $$IM_i$$ = the number of momentary interruption operations for each momentary interruption event
 * $$IM_E$$ = number of momentary interruption events
 * $$CN$$ = total number of customers who have experienced a least one sustained interruption
 * $$CNT_{(k>n)}$$ = total number of customers who have experienced more than n interruption events
 * $$k$$ = number of interruption events experienced by an individual customer

SAIFI
SAIFI, the system average interruption frequency index, shows how often the average customer experiences a sustained interruption over a period of time. In GridLAB-D that period of time is a year. The equation below is used to calculate SAIFI.

$$ SAIFI = \frac{\sum N_i}{N_T} $$

SAIDI
SAIDI, the system average interruption duration index, shows the average duration of a sustained interruption for a customer during the reporting period. In GridLAB-D this index is given in minutes. The equation below is used to calculate SAIDI.

$$ SAIDI = \frac{\sum r_i N_i}{N_T} $$

CAIDI
CAIDI, the customer average interruption duration index, shows average time needed to restore service. This index is given in minutes in GridLAB-D. The equation below is used to calculate CAIDI.

$$ CAIDI = \frac{SAIDI}{SAIFI} $$

CTAIDI
CTAIDI, the customer total average interruption duration index, shows the total average time that customers who experienced an interruption were without power. This index is given in minutes in GridLAB-D. The equation below is used to calculate CTAIDI.

$$ CTAIDI = \frac{\sum r_i N_i}{CN} $$

CAIFI
CAIFI, the customer average interruption frequency index, shows average frequency of sustained interruptions experienced for customers who actually experienced a sustained interruption. The equation below is used to calculate CAIFI.

$$ CAIFI = \frac{\sum N_i}{CN} $$

ASAI
ASAI, the average service availability index, shows the fraction of time that a customer has received power during the reporting period. This index is given as a percentage within GridLAB-D. The equation below is used to calculate ASAI

$$ ASAI = \frac{N_T * (Number of hours / year) - \sum r_i N_i}{N_T * (Number of hours / year)} $$

''NOTE: There is no specification between regular years and leap years when calculating this index in GridLAB-D. The regular 8760 hours/year is used when calculated this index.''

CEMI$$_n$$
CEMI$$_n$$, the customers experiencing multiple interruptions index, shows the fraction of individual customers experiencing more than $$n$$ sustained interruptions over the total number of customers served. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ CEMI_n = \frac{\sum CN_{(k>n)}}{N_T} $$

ASIFI
ASIFI, the average system interruption frequency index, is based on load instead of number of customers interrupted. This index is useful analyzing distribution systems made up primarily of industrial and commercial customers. If the system being analyzed had a homogeneous load distribution, then ASIFI would be the same as SAIFI. Also this index includes only interrupted load from sustained interruption events. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ ASIFI = \frac{\sum L_i}{L_T} $$

ASIDI
ASIDI, the average system interruption duration index, is based on load instead of number of customers interrupted. Its use is the same a previously discussed in the section above. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ ASIFI = \frac{\sum r_i L_i}{L_T} $$

MAIFI
MAIFI, the momentary average interruption frequency index, shows the average frequency of momentary interruption. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ MAIFI = \frac{\sum IM_i N_{mi}}{N_T} $$

MAIFI$$_E$$
MAIFI$$_E$$, the momentary average interruption event frequency index, shows the average frequency of momentary interruption events. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ MAIFI_E = \frac{\sum IM_E N_{mi}}{N_T} $$

CEMSMI$$_n$$
CEMSMI$$_n$$, customers experiencing multiple sustained interruption and momentary interruption events, shows the fraction of individual customers who experienced more than $$n$$ interruption events of any kind over the total customers served. This index looks a how many events a customer experienced, regardless of whether they are sustained or momentary. The equation below is used to calculate the index.

$$ CEMSMI_n = \frac{\sum CNT_{(k>n)}}{N_T} $$

= References =

IEEE Std 1366-2003. IEEE Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices. Available online at: www.ieee.org

= See also = Reliability_User_Guide